Desvl's blog

Left Shift Semigroup and Its Infinitesimal Generator

Left shift operator

Throughout we consider the Hilbert space $L^2=L^2(\mathbb{R})$, the space of all complex-valued functions with real variable such that $f \in L^2$ if and only if

where $m$ denotes the ordinary Lebesgue measure (in fact it’s legitimate to consider Riemann integral in this context).

For each $t \geq 0$, we assign an bounded linear operator $Q(t)$ such that

This is indeed bounded since we have $\lVert Q(t)f \rVert_2 = \lVert f \rVert_2$ as the Lebesgue measure is translate-invariant. This is a left translation operator with a single step $t$.

Quasi-analytic Vectors and Hamburger Moment Problem (Operator Theory)

Analytic and quasi-analytic vectors

Guided by researches in function theory, operator theorists gave the analogue to quasi-analytic classes. Let $A$ be an operator in a Banach space $X$. $A$ is not necessarily bounded hence the domain $D(A)$ is not necessarily to be the whole space. We say $x \in X$ is a $C^\infty$ vector if $x \in \bigcap_{n \geq 1}D(A^n)$. This is quite intuitive if we consider the differential operator. A vector is analytic if the series

has a positive radius of convergence. Finally, we say $x$ is quasi-analytic for $A$ provided that

or equivalently its nondecreasing majorant. Interestingly, if $A$ is symmetric, then $\lVert{A^nx}\rVert$ is log convex.

Based on the density of quasi-analytic vectors, we have an interesting result.

(Theorem) Let $A$ be a symmetric operator in a Hilbert space $\mathscr{H}$. If the set of quasi-analytic vectors spans a dense subset, then $A$ is essentially self-adjoint.

This theorem can be considered as a corollary to the fundamental theorem of quasi-analytic classes, by applying suitable Banach space techniques in lieu.

Quasi-analytic Classes

Several ways to prove Hardy's inequality

A Continuous Function Sending L^p Functions to L^1

The Big Three Pt. 6 - Closed Graph Theorem with Applications

A proof of the ordinary Gleason-Kahane-Żelazko theorem for complex functionals

The Big Three Pt. 5 - The Hahn-Banach Theorem (Dominated Extension)

The Fourier transform of sinx/x and (sinx/x)^2 and more

The Riesz-Markov-Kakutani Representation Theorem